From Popular Science: Machine Can Tell If Plants’ Genes Are Modified By Watching Them Grow

Germinating Seedlings Phytomorph

Watching a plant grow and develop roots can be as tedious as … watching a plant grow. But seeing plant development as it unfolds can expose just what happens to a genetically modified organism, and how certain gene expressions can make plants do certain things. Robotic cameras and machine-vision algorithms are making the process easier.

Plant physiologist Edgar Spalding at the University of Wisconsin-Madison creates time-lapse movies of plant root growth in action. A 2,300-pound, 6-foot-high robotic camera rig snaps pictures every 30 seconds, capturing the curling, twisting motion of germinating seeds putting out new roots. The National Science Foundation, which funds Spalding’s lab, paid a visit and got a tour.

Genetically modifying a seed is a complex process on its own, but plant biologists also need to study the physical changes, comparing how genetically modified plants grow in relation to their wild-type brethren. This can take quite some time, so Spalding’s lab focuses on building high-throughput data analysis tools, including the camera and specialized algorithms.

Like other plant research labs, the Phytomorph lab is an impressively high-tech operation, with the research subject lending a greenhouse-like casual air. Tiny plants germinate and rotate their root systems in petri dishes inside a Plexiglas wall that resembles a giant Connect Four game. Each plant grows under white LEDs, and infrared LEDs are used to illuminate the CCD imager on the robotic camera.

Computer vision algorithms study the camera’s time-lapse videos and measure the sizes of seeds, plants’ cellular growth rates, the angle and curvature of the roots, and more.

The main goal is to study how genes function, according to the NSF. The Phytomorph program has led to some new insights about how plant roots grow, including how they grow facing down, growing with gravity. All of this could be useful in pinpointing genes that botanists and plant biotechnologists would want to exploit, creating plants with tougher roots, or roots that could more easily seek out water and nutrients.

“It lays the foundation for discoveries that will help improve plants for human purposes,” Spalding told the NSF.

[National Science Foundation]

from Popular Science

From Popular Science: The Boy Who Played With Fusion

Love this story! Hope he brings good science to US!
==============================================================

Standout Taylor Wilson moved to suburban Reno with his parents, Kenneth and Tiffany, and his brother Joey to attend Davidson Academy, a school for gifted students. Bryce Duffy

Taylor Wilson always dreamed of creating a star. Now he’s become one

“Propulsion,” the nine-year-old says as he leads his dad through the gates of the U.S. Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama. “I just want to see the propulsion stuff.”

A young woman guides their group toward a full-scale replica of the massive Saturn V rocket that brought America to the moon. As they duck under the exhaust nozzles, Kenneth Wilson glances at his awestruck boy and feels his burden beginning to lighten. For a few minutes, at least, someone else will feed his son’s boundless appetite for knowledge.

Then Taylor raises his hand, not with a question but an answer. He knows what makes this thing, the biggest rocket ever launched, go up. And he wants-no, he obviously needs-to tell everyone about it, about how speed relates to exhaust velocity and dynamic mass, about payload ratios, about the pros and cons of liquid versus solid fuel. The tour guide takes a step back, yielding the floor to this slender kid with a deep-Arkansas drawl, pouring out a torrent of Ph.D.-level concepts as if there might not be enough seconds in the day to blurt it all out. The other adults take a step back too, perhaps jolted off balance by the incongruities of age and audacity, intelligence and exuberance.

As the guide runs off to fetch the center’s director-You gotta see this kid!-Kenneth feels the weight coming down on him again. What he doesn’t understand just yet is that he will come to look back on these days as the uncomplicated ones, when his scary-smart son was into simple things, like rocket science.

This is before Taylor would transform the family’s garage into a mysterious, glow-in-the-dark cache of rocks and metals and liquids with unimaginable powers. Before he would conceive, in a series of unlikely epiphanies, new ways to use neutrons to confront some of the biggest challenges of our time: cancer and nuclear terrorism. Before he would build a reactor that could hurl atoms together in a 500-million-degree plasma core-becoming, at 14, the youngest individual on Earth to achieve nuclear fusion.

* * *
When I meet Taylor Wilson, he is 16 and busy-far too busy, he says, to pursue a driver’s license. And so he rides shotgun as his father zigzags the family’s Land Rover up a steep trail in the Virginia Mountains north of Reno, Nevada, where they’ve come to prospect for uranium.

From the backseat, I can see Taylor’s gull-like profile, his forehead plunging from under his sandy blond bangs and continuing, in an almost unwavering line, along his prominent nose. His thinness gives him a wraithlike appearance, but when he’s lit up about something (as he is most waking moments), he does not seem frail. He has spent the past hour-the past few days, really-talking, analyzing, and breathlessly evangelizing about nuclear energy. We’ve gone back to the big bang and forward to mutually assured destruction and nuclear winter. In between are fission and fusion, Einstein and Oppenheimer, Chernobyl and Fukushima, matter and antimatter.

“Where does it come from?” Kenneth and his wife, Tiffany, have asked themselves many times. Kenneth is a Coca-Cola bottler, a skier, an ex-football player. Tiffany is a yoga instructor. “Neither of us knows a dang thing about science,” Kenneth says.

” Looking up, the neighbors watched as a small mushroom cloud rose, unsettlingly, over the Wilsons’ yard.”Almost from the beginning, it was clear that the older of the Wilsons’ two sons would be a difficult child to keep on the ground. It started with his first, and most pedestrian, interest: construction. As a toddler in Texarkana, the family’s hometown, Taylor wanted nothing to do with toys. He played with real traffic cones, real barricades. At age four, he donned a fluorescent orange vest and hard hat and stood in front of the house, directing traffic. For his fifth birthday, he said, he wanted a crane. But when his parents brought him to a toy store, the boy saw it as an act of provocation. “No,” he yelled, stomping his foot. “I want a real one.”

This is about the time any other father might have put his own foot down. But Kenneth called a friend who owns a construction company, and on Taylor’s birthday a six-ton crane pulled up to the party. The kids sat on the operator’s lap and took turns at the controls, guiding the boom as it swung above the rooftops on Northern Hills Drive.

To the assembled parents, dressed in hard hats, the Wilsons’ parenting style must have appeared curiously indulgent. In a few years, as Taylor began to get into some supremely dangerous stuff, it would seem perilously laissez-faire. But their approach to child rearing is, in fact, uncommonly intentional. “We want to help our children figure out who they are,” Kenneth says, “and then do everything we can to help them nurture that.”

At 10, Taylor hung a periodic table of the elements in his room. Within a week he memorized all the atomic numbers, masses and melting points. At the family’s Thanksgiving gathering, the boy appeared wearing a monogrammed lab coat and armed with a handful of medical lancets. He announced that he’d be drawing blood from everyone, for “comparative genetic experiments” in the laboratory he had set up in his maternal grandmother’s garage. Each member of the extended family duly offered a finger to be pricked.

The next summer, Taylor invited everyone out to the backyard, where he dramatically held up a pill bottle packed with a mixture of sugar and stump remover (potassium nitrate) that he’d discovered in the garage. He set the bottle down and, with a showman’s flourish, ignited the fuse that poked out of the top. What happened next was not the firecracker’s bang
everyone expected, but a thunderous blast that brought panicked neighbors running from their houses. Looking up, they watched as a small mushroom cloud rose, unsettlingly, over the Wilsons’ yard.

For his 11th birthday, Taylor’s grandmother took him to Books-A-Million, where he picked out The Radioactive Boy Scout, by Ken Silverstein. The book told the disquieting tale of David Hahn, a Michigan teenager who, in the mid-1990s, attempted to build a breeder reactor in a backyard shed. Taylor was so excited by the book that he read much of it aloud: the boy raiding smoke detectors for radioactive americium . . . the cobbled-together reactor . . . the Superfund team in hazmat suits hauling away the family’s contaminated belongings. Kenneth and Tiffany heard Hahn’s story as a cautionary tale. But Taylor, who had recently taken a particular interest in the bottom two rows of the periodic table-the highly radioactive elements-read it as a challenge. “Know what?” he said. “The things that kid was trying to do, I’m pretty sure I can actually do them.”

Click here to view this article on a single page, or continue to page two below.

from Popular Science

From Autoblog: 2012 Hyundai Azera priced from $32,000 and Gen Coupe from $24,250*

Awesome! I had a look at Azera (Grandeur in Korea) in Korea last year and it looks great! I just don’t know if the price increase from mid $20k’s to low $30k’s is going to work…
===============================================================

We’ve gotten word from our man on location driving the new 2012 Hyundai Azera that the Korean automaker’s fully redesigned full-size front-wheel-drive sedan will start at $32,000, not including $875 in destination charges, when it goes on sale this spring. The only option available will be a $4,000 Tech package. We’re not certain yet what all will be included in the Tech package since items like touch-screen navigation and a back-up camera will be standard equipment on the 2012 Azera, but we’re looking into it.

Hyundai is asking an awful lot more for its new Azera compared to the one it replaces, which carried a base MSRP of just $25,495. We’ll have our First Drive report on the 2012 Hyundai Azera ready soon to let you know if the price jump is justified.

We likewise have pricing information to report for the refreshed 2013 Hyundai Genesis Coupe, which will start at $24,250, again not including $875 in destination charges. That’s for the four-cylinder 2.0t model with a manual transmission, while the upper bound on pricing is represented by the 3.8-liter V6-powered Track model with the new eight-speed automatic transmission that costs $34,250.

Lastly, while rumors had resurfaced again that Hyundai was considering creating a luxury sub-brand called Genesis that would sell both the sedan and coupe along with the larger Equus, Hyundai Motor America CEO John Krafcik has told Autoblog, “There is no plan to create Genesis sub brand.” He did, however, indicate that the next-generation Genesis sedan should have all-wheel drive as an option.

from Autoblog

From NPR News: Suspected Iranian Assailant Hurt In Bangkok Blast

Whoa! Iranian?! In Thailand?! I don’t get it…
====================================================

A Thai Explosive Ordnance Disposal official examines a backpack that was left by a suspected bomber following two blasts Tuesday in Bangkok.

Apichart Weerawong/APA Thai Explosive Ordnance Disposal official examines a backpack that was left by a suspected bomber following two blasts Tuesday in Bangkok.

An Iranian man carrying explosives blew off his own legs and wounded four other people in two blasts Tuesday in Bangkok, Thai authorities said. A third blast occurred in a nearby house.Security forces found more explosives in the assailant’s rented house in the capital, but it was not known what targets they might have been meant for, Police Gen. Pansiri Prapawat said.

from NPR News

From NPR News: Boeing Closes $22.4 Billion Deal With Lion Air

Yeah!!!!  😛

=======================================

When your products sell for more than $80 million, selling one of them is a big deal. Selling hundreds of them in one deal means they’re probably feeling pretty good over at Boeing right now. The company has finalized a deal to sell 230 jets to Lion Air of Indonesia, with a list price of $22.4 billion.

from NPR News

From NPR News: In France, Drivers Face Gas Prices Of $8 A Gallon

This is bad…

====================================================

Prices for gasoline are hitting record highs in France, where a gallon now costs more than $8 in some areas. Here in the U.S., analysts are predicting high gas prices for American drivers this summer — more than $4 in many areas, from a current average of $3.52.

from NPR News