Veteran of SpaceX, Virgin Orbit Joins Relativity Space

https://www.space.com/41541-relativity-space-nabs-spacex-veteran.html

Relativity Space, which is developing a small launch vehicle using 3D printing technologies, has hired a former SpaceX and Virgin Orbit executive as an advisor.

Credit: Relativity Space


WASHINGTON — Relativity Space, the startup developing a small launch vehicle making extensive use of 3D-printing technologies, has brought on board a former SpaceX and Virgin Orbit executive to help grow the company.


Relativity announced Aug. 20 that Tim Buzza was joining the company as an advisor, spending several days a week at the Los Angeles-based company to support its work in a wide range of areas, from technology to regulations.


“He is coming in multiple times a week and actively helping us develop our launch site plans,” Tim Ellis, chief executive and co-founder of Relativity, in an interview. “He’s actively working to help us on launch sites and launch operations. He’s also helping with developing the organization and structure: how to set up the teams for success.”


Buzza was previously vice president of launch at Virgin Orbit, another small launch vehicle company. He left Virgin Orbit in May, according to his LinkedIn profile, after four years at Virgin Orbit and Virgin Galactic, the company from which Virgin Orbit was spun out from in 2017.

Tim Buzza.

Credit: Relativity Space


Prior to Virgin Orbit, Buzza was a vice president at SpaceX, joining the company just months after its founding in 2002. He joined SpaceX from Boeing, where he worked for 14 years on advanced research and development programs.


“He’s really one of the rarest individuals in the whole industry, where he’s actually seen multiple programs built up successfully before,” Ellis said. “He also has a huge amount of knowledge in every subsystem of a rocket. He knows everything.”


Ellis said he met with Buzza after learning that Buzza had left Virgin Orbit “to find his next adventure,” and the two hit it off. “Once someone likes that becomes available on the open talent market, you really want to jump in,” Ellis said.


Buzza’s role at Relativity is as an advisor, but Ellis didn’t rule out Buzza taking on a formal executive role in the future. “It’s probably too early to commit to anything in that way,” he said. “We’re going to continue to get to know each other. He’s pretty excited about what we’re doing and has been coming in more and more often.”


Buzza is the latest in a series of “pretty big hires” at Relativity, Ellis said. The company recently hired its first director of business development and sales, as well as engineers who previously worked at Blue Origin, SpaceX and Virgin Orbit. Relativity now has 32 employees at its Los Angeles headquarters and test site at NASA’s Stennis Space Center in Mississippi. “We’re growing quickly from there, but trying to keep the talent bar very high,” he said.


Relativity is one of dozens of ventures developing small launch vehicles, but stands out from its use of additive manufacturing to make most of the components of its rocket, reducing production times and costs. The company’s Stargate 3D printer recently achieved a milestone by passing what Ellis described as the “most stringent” quality standard in the aerospace industry.


“That means there’s an extremely low presence of any material flaws or defects,” he explained. “This is actually overkill for the vehicle we’re developing now,” he added, but demonstrates that 3D printing can meet existing industry quality standards.


The company is also developing a new version of the Aeon 1 engine that will power its Terran 1 launch vehicle for testing in the near future at Stennis. “It’s going to look pretty different from the ones that we have been testing,” he said. “We’re updating the design based on models that are now fully anchored. This will be even closer to the first design that we’ll actually fly.”


The first launch of the Terran 1 rocket, capable if placing up to 1,250 kilograms into low Earth orbit, is scheduled for as soon as late 2020. Ellis said the company is signing more letters of intent and memoranda of understanding with potential customers, but has not announced any firm launch contracts yet. “Stay tuned for some more news there,” he said.


This story was provided by SpaceNews, dedicated to covering all aspects of the space industry.

via Space.com https://www.space.com

August 22, 2018 at 06:56AM

NASA Approves ‘Load-and-Go’ Fueling for SpaceX Commercial Crew Launches

https://www.space.com/41540-nasa-approves-spacex-load-and-go-rocket-fueling.html

An illustration of a SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft docking with the International Space Station. NASA says it has accepted plans to allow the use of “load-and-go” fueling for Crew Dragon missions.

Credit: NASA


WASHINGTON — NASA announced Aug. 17 that it will allow SpaceX to use a fueling approach for its commercial crew missions that attracted prior scrutiny, pending a final series of tests.


In a statement published late Aug. 17, the agency said that it was allowing SpaceX to move ahead with plans to use what’s colloquially known as “load-and-go,” where the Falcon 9 launch vehicle is filled with liquid oxygen and kerosene propellants after astronauts board the Crew Dragon spacecraft on top of the rocket.


“To make this decision, our teams conducted an extensive review of the SpaceX ground operations, launch vehicle design, escape systems and operational history,” Kathy Lueders, NASA’s commercial crew program manager, said in the statement. “Safety for our personnel was the driver for this analysis, and the team’s assessment was that this plan presents the least risk.” [Take a Walk Through SpaceX’s Crew Dragon Spaceship]


SpaceX uses load-and-go for its satellite and cargo Dragon missions currently, starting the fueling process just 35 minutes before liftoff. The company has adopted that approach because it uses “supercooled” propellants that are denser, improving the vehicle’s performance.


That approach, though, attracted scrutiny after the September 2016 explosion of a Falcon 9 on the pad at Cape Canaveral during preparations for a static-fire test prior to the planned launch of the Amos-6 spacecraft. That accident, which destroyed the launch vehicle and satellite, was blamed on the failure of a composite overwrapped pressure vessel in an upper stage propellant tank.


Thomas Stafford, the former astronaut who chairs NASA’s International Space Station Advisory Committee, criticized plans to use load-and-go for crewed missions shortly after that accident. He noted that it was contrary to past NASA human spaceflight programs, where the launch vehicle was fueled first.


Stafford had questioned the approach prior to the pad explosion. “There is a unanimous, and strong, feeling by the committee that scheduling the crew to be on board the Dragon spacecraft prior to loading oxidizer into the rocket is contrary to booster safety criteria that has been in place for over 50 years, both in this country and internationally,” he wrote in a December 2015 letter. That letter got renewed attention after the accident, when Stafford said at an October 2016 meeting of the committee that he had yet to receive a response.


NASA noted at the time that it was the Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel (ASAP) that was the primary advisor for commercial crew safety, and Stafford’s committee no longer pursued the issue. ASAP, at a May 2018 meeting, concluded after reviewing engineering reports by NASA that load-and-go was a “viable” approach for commercial crew missions.


“It appears that, if all the appropriate steps are taken and it addresses the potential hazards, the risk of launching crew in the load-and-go configuration could be acceptable,” said Patricia Saunders, chair of the panel, during ASAP’s May 17 meeting.


Those comments came a week after SpaceX Chief Executive Elon Musk said he was not worried about NASA rejecting SpaceX’s load-and-go approach. “I think that issue has been somewhat overblown,” he said, noting that SpaceX could, if needed, fuel the Falcon 9 before boarding astronauts. “But I don’t think it’s going to be necessary, any more than passengers on an aircraft need to wait until the aircraft is full of fuel before boarding.”


NASA noted in its statement, though, that formal certification of load-and-go is pending “additional verification and demonstration activities.” That will include five “crew loading demonstrations” to test the crew loading procedures. Those tests will be carried out prior to the first crewed flight of the vehicle, a demonstration mission carrying two NASA astronauts currently scheduled for April 2019.


This story was provided by SpaceNews, dedicated to covering all aspects of the space industry.


via Space.com https://www.space.com

August 22, 2018 at 06:56AM

Netflix Tests New System That Lets It Avoid Paying Apple

https://gizmodo.com/netflix-tests-new-system-that-lets-it-avoid-paying-appl-1828488485

Netflix is reportedly looking to become the latest tech giant to avoid paying out fees to Apple’s App Store. If you find yourself unable to access your account through the app on your Apple device, you may need to re-signup through a browser. For Apple’s cash cow service, this is bad news.

The App Store generated about $11.5 billion in revenue for Apple last year. That money comes from the up-to-30 percent revenue cut Apple takes from developers. Of the millions of apps available in the App Store, Netflix currently ranks number three on the highest-grossing charts. But according to a report from TechCrunch, Netflix is testing a way to avoid sharing those huge profits.

Until recently, if a user downloaded the Netflix app on their Apple device and signed up for the service, billing was handled through Apple. That’s still largely the case, but some users are now being informed they need to go through the hassle of renewing their subscription again through a web browser. That minor inconvenience is a big part of Apple’s business plan, because it’s really simple to just confirm a payment with a thumbprint or facial recognition and move on with your life.

The test was first noticed by NDTV, which found itself forced into a browser when trying to sign up for Netflix in India. TechCrunch reportedly confirmed with a Netflix customer service representative and a spokesperson for the company that this test began in ten countries back in June and expanded to 33 countries in August. It will continue apparently until September 30th. Presumably, it will go longer if the test is deemed a success. We’ve reached out to Netflix for comment and a spokesperson told us, “We are constantly innovating and testing new signup approaches on different platforms to better understand what our members like. Based on what we learn, we work to improve the Netflix experience for members everywhere.”

The full list of countries reportedly includes Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, and Mexico, and the U.S. is not on the list at this time. This also only applies to some users in these countries. Others retain the option to pay through iTunes.

Last month, Netflix’s stock took a hit after its quarterly results showed flagging user growth. It appears the streaming service is looking to shore up profits in every way possible. In May, it also cut off billing through the Google Play store, the Android equivalent of Apple’s App Store. But Android is a more open ecosystem for developers and few dare to poke the Apple beast.

We have seen Spotify cut off payment for its subscription service through Apple and Amazon has forced users to make in-browser purchases for ages in order to avoid paying out a fee to its rival. The highest-grossing app in the App Store is currently Fortnite, which makes a bundle from in-app purchases. That game recently made waves when it launched for Android as an exclusive for Samsung customers only. Fortnite’s developers also elected to avoid the Google Play store altogether, asking users to download it from its own website. That’s led to scammers duping users into downloading malware-riddled fakes.

The thing about avoiding the big pseudo-monopolies of the app market is that you really need to be a big company that’s already established before you can risk adding an extra hurdle to getting paid. Fortnite can do whatever it wants right now; it’s a phenomenon that’s fueled by impulse-buying kids who will crawl over their dead mother to get it installed on their device. For Netflix, it makes sense to go with a cautious test. The company is changing, it’s selection is getting smaller, and its original programming is getting weaker. It also recently shut down its user review system and added promos for Netflix content between episodes when you binge watch. By changing its billing requirements, the company runs the risk of users asking themselves whether this service is worth renewing.

Apple will be fine. The world’s first trillion-dollar company can weather any storm. It certainly wouldn’t like it if this trend spreads to other popular apps, but if Netflix gives it trouble, Apple could always just buy the freaking company as analysts have cautiously predicted in the last year.

[TechCrunch]

via Gizmodo https://gizmodo.com

August 21, 2018 at 11:44AM

DaVinci Resolve 15 is a free, Hollywood-grade video editor

https://www.engadget.com/2018/08/22/davinci-resolve-15-free-hollywood-video-editor-review/


Engadget/Steve Dent

With the latest release of DaVinci Resolve 15, Blackmagic Design has radically made over its editing suite to create one of the best video-editing systems at any price — even against mainstream options like Premiere Pro CC and Apple’s Final Cut Pro X. It now comes with Fusion, a powerful visual effects (VFX) app used in Hollywood films, along with an excellent color corrector and audio editor. Despite doing more than most editors will ever need, the full studio release costs just $300, and you can get a stripped-down version with most features for a grand total of zero dollars.

I use Adobe’s Premiere Pro CC as part of its Creative Cloud suite, which costs more than $50 a month, so Resolve 15 is certainly a cheaper option. After trying it out for a week, would I be willing to switch? That would be tough, because I also do photo editing, and Creative Cloud includes Photoshop and Lightroom. If you’re looking strictly for video and audio editing, color correction and effects, however, Resolve is well worth a look. It is surprisingly easy to learn and use and has more speed and power than you’ll probably ever need.

New features

As before, DaVinci Resolve 15 is nearly platform agnostic, running on macOS, Windows 10 and Linux. However, it now has four modules (editing, color correction, audio effects and visual effects) all in one app. It was unveiled at the same time as Blackmagic’s Pocket Cinema Camera 4K (BMPCC 4K) and was designed to handle the extra-large and heavy files from that camera. As such, the editing module is not only much easier to use, but faster and more powerful.

Blackmagic improved the already excellent Color module, added more built-in effects, and tweaked the Fairlight audio editing app. It also supports a lot of new video formats, though some, like the MKV files used in YouTube videos, still don’t play.

The biggest change is the addition of Fusion, a Lego-like compositing app used in blockbusters like The Martian, Avengers: Age of Ultron and Kingsman: The Secret Service. Blackmagic sells Fusion as a standalone app (also for $300), so the integrated Resolve version isn’t quite as complete. But it has nearly all the same tools, including 3D compositing, particle effects, 3D text tools, keying, painting, rotoscoping and more. There are also a ton of additions in Color and the Fairlight audio package; for a complete list of features, check here.

Editing and Media

The first thing you’ll notice when opening a DaVinci Resolve 15 project is the sheer speed of the app. Blackmagic has dramatically improved performance for large projects, even if you’re working in 4K with thousands of clips, effects and timelines. That’s to the credit of the new video playback engine, which is better optimized to use both your CPU and your GPU (or multiple GPUs if you have the Studio version). The result is lower latency, faster UI refresh and rendering and better support for tricky formats like H.264 and RAW video.

Compared with Adobe’s latest version of Premiere Pro CC 2018, DaVinci Resolve 15 is faster in a couple of ways but slower in others. On my Windows 10 laptop with NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070 Max-Q graphics and an 8th-gen Intel Core i7 CPU, Resolve loaded 4K H.264 clips from Panasonic’s GH5S camera much, much more quickly than its rival. However, when rendering a timeline with the same files, it was Premiere Pro that had the edge. Why so? Checking the task manager, it appears that Resolve is using the GPU better for playback, while Premiere taps it more during rendering.

The gold standard for media organization is Avid’s Media Composer, which is designed for large projects with thousands of clips that might be viewed and worked on by dozens of people at a time. Resolve isn’t as powerful, as it lacks screenplay integration and other advanced features. However, it’s pretty complete otherwise, and I found that I liked it better than Premiere CC for organizing, scaling and searching clips.

I also prefer Resolve 15’s cutting tools over Premiere Pro’s. It’s more intuitive for operations like trimming heads and tails of clips, slipping and sliding (moving a clip relative to other clips or changing its in and out point), unlinking clips and more. I also love the “dynamic” trimming that lets you adjust clips while playing them, and the latest version gives you better control over it. One thing I do miss on Premiere, however, is the “Track Select Forward” editing tool that lets you grab the lead clip to move an entire timeline.

Resolve now supports tabbed timelines like Premiere does. It also has a cool feature called “stacked timelines” that lets you position one edit on top of another and drag clips between them. This is particularly handy for editors who throw all their best material into one timeline, then drag the clips over to the final edit. Finally, the new “optical flow” is a great addition, as it calculates fake “tween” frames to smooth slow motion, even if you didn’t shoot at a high frame rate.

Color and audio

Before it was an editing app, DaVinci Resolve was a color correction tool, so it’s very powerful for that chore. Since it’s aimed at professionals, though, the color wheels, curves and bars aren’t very user friendly. Adobe’s color corrector is better for normals, because it looks more like Lightroom than something you’d see in a fancy post-production studio.

The power is there if you take the time to learn it, though. Much like Fusion, Color uses Lego-like “nodes” that let you layer together clips and color correction effects. You can also use “power windows,” complete with a motion tracker, to selectively adjust regions of an image. A good example is the “face refinement” feature that lets you track faces and then brighten your subject’s eyes, smooth their complexion and lighten or darken their face, without affecting the rest of the shot.

Resolve 15 also uses so-called look-up tables (LUTs) to create custom looks or instantly adjust footage from Sony, RED, Panasonic, Blackmagic and other video-centric cameras. The new version makes it a lot easier to browse through those to find just the right look. You can also more easily grab color settings from previous timelines and projects. Finally, the already good noise reduction system has been improved, and Resolve now supports Dolby Vision (for a price) and HDR 10+, the latest HDR system from Samsung and others.

A lot of editors don’t like dealing with audio, but here again, DaVinci Resolve 15 treats users a bit better than Premiere Pro does. Everyday tools like audio dissolves and fades are a bit easier to find, for one thing. And when you need to do advanced sweetening, jumping into the dedicated Fairlight audio editor is more seamless than switching to Audition CC, which is a completely separate app from Premiere.

Fairlight improvements include new ADR (aka automated dialogue replacement) tools, a “normalize audio level” function to make it easier to set levels and change the pitch of clips, and numerous refinements of the UI, controls and commands for playback and editing. On the Fairlight FX side, there are 13 new audio effects available both in Edit and Fairlight, including plugins for repairing audio, adding effects and simulating concert halls and other spaces.

Fusion

Fusion is one heck of a powerful VFX package. It lets you work in a full 3D space (with cameras, lighting and shaders) and do particle effects, warping, keying, color correction, painting and a whole lot more. Now that it’s embedded in DaVinci Resolve, you can work with multiple clips directly from the Edit timeline and quickly see them in context with the rest of your program.

Such power comes with an equally breathtaking learning curve, however. The good news is that using Fusion is pretty fun, and Blackmagic provides tutorials and resources to help you grok it. Much like other compositing programs, including Autodesk’s Flame, Nuke and the (defunct) Apple program Shake, Fusion is a node-based VFX package that lets you layer multiple effects and clips by linking them together like Legos.

To use Fusion in DaVinci Resolve 15, you simply park the playhead (the line showing the current frame) over the clip or clips you want to affect and click the Fusion button. They then appear as nodes, and you’re ready to create some effects. For instance, you might have one node as a foreground green-screen shot, one as a background and another for text. You can then apply a chroma key, color corrector, warper, particles or whatever else you want to do, and output the whole thing to an output node. When you go back to Edit, you’ll see the (hopefully) glorious final result. If it’s not all that you hoped for, you can go back and tweak.

Fusion has 2D and 3D text tools with macros that let you do advanced motion graphics and particles that can interact with other 3D objects, along with masking, tracking, match-moving, rotoscoping and warping tools.

As mentioned, Fusion was originally designed to do special effects for big-budget films, so you might say that it’s heavy overkill for the average user. But if you don’t need all that power, most of the basics (transitions, scaling and moving, stabilization, color correction etc.) are available in the Edit or Color modules. So there’s no need to dip into Fusion until you’re ready.

If you pay for DaVinci Resolve 15 Studio, you do get a few things not available in the free version. That includes support for multiple GPUs, advanced noise reduction, the face tracker, a number of effects and filters, and support for 3D and VR. Finally, Studio offers easy multi-user collaboration and unlimited network rendering.

Wrap-up

Blackmagic Design has always been an interesting company, selling products like the RAW-video-capable Pocket Cinema Camera 4K at prices far below rivals like RED. Even at $300, DaVinci Resolve 15 seems underpriced. It’s stout enough to work with 8K RAW video files from RED and ARRI cameras that cost $50,000 and up. You can even connect one of Blackmagic’s crazy control surface consoles if you’re working with picky clients.

The redesigned Edit module is more powerful than ever and, to my surprise, pretty easy to grasp. I find that I now prefer using it for media organization and cutting over Premiere Pro CC. It’s also faster than its rival Premiere Pro CC in many ways.

All that said, it’s not for everyone. Adobe’s software still does certain things better, like warp video stabilization (it has many more controls), and I found that it rendered complex timelines quicker. Adobe is also on the cutting edge with its AI-powered Sensei tools, which help regular users color-match and automatically reduce (“duck”) music during dialogue.

It also has tight integration with apps like After Effects (Adobe’s rival Fusion product) and especially Photoshop. Many one-man-band video editors who also do photography might not want to learn a new product when they’re already paying for Photoshop and Lightroom anyway.

But if you’re just into video editing, give the free version of DaVinci Resolve 15 a whirl. If you like it and find you need the extra features in the paid version, you can step up to Studio for not a lot of cash. You’ll never be tied to a monthly plan, and you get all the subsequent versions for free. Things that seem too good to be true usually aren’t, but Resolve 15 is an exception to that rule — it’s a truly elegant and powerful editor that costs nearly nothing.

via Engadget http://www.engadget.com

August 22, 2018 at 08:06AM

Massachusetts gives workers new protections against noncompete clauses

https://arstechnica.com/?p=1359887

Enlarge /

Jimmy Johns required employees to sign noncompete agreements, a practice it

dropped in 2016

after a lawsuit.

Tucked into an economic development bill signed by Massachusetts Gov. Charlie Baker earlier this month was a little-noticed provision that could have a big economic impact for Massachusetts workers. The language, introduced by state Rep. Lori Ehrlich, aims to rein in the abuse of employee noncompetition agreements in the state.

In a Thursday phone interview, Ehrlich told Ars that her work was motivated by hearing from hundreds of Massachusetts workers who had suffered from the abuse of noncompete laws. In one infamous case, a summer camp got a high school student to sign a noncompete agreement that effectively barred her from working at another summer camp the following year.

“We heard from people working at pizza parlors, yogurt shops, hairdressers, and people making sandwiches,” Ehrlich said. “Those stories were incredibly compelling and really drove the narrative for change.”

The legislation Baker signed this month prevents these kinds of abuses by banning the enforcement of noncompete agreements against minors, students, and low-wage workers generally. It also introduces important procedural protections, guaranteeing employees notice and an opportunity to consult with an attorney before signing noncompete deals.

The Massachusetts legislation also has symbolic importance because Massachusetts plays a central role in the most famous case study of the economic consequences of noncompete enforcement. California courts refuse to enforce noncompete agreements at all, and some scholars argue that this difference was a key reason Silicon Valley pulled ahead of Boston in the 1990s to become the nation’s high-tech capital.

But ultimately, lawmakers decided not to adopt California’s approach. So while the Massachusetts bill took a number of steps to crack down on the abuse of noncompete agreements, it left Massachusetts workers with weaker protections than workers enjoy in California.

“The legislature made the determination that noncompetes do serve legitimate business purposes and shouldn’t be prohibited,” said Russell Beck, an attorney who helped draft the legislation.

Did noncompetes destroy the Massachusetts Miracle?

Massachusetts Governor Mike Dukakis touted the "Massachusetts Miracle" during his 1988 presidential run.
Enlarge /

Massachusetts Governor Mike Dukakis touted the “Massachusetts Miracle” during his 1988 presidential run.

Today, Silicon Valley is universally recognized as the high-tech capital of the United States. But until the 1980s, Boston’s Route 128 corridor could have made a credible claim to that title. Boston was the center of the minicomputer revolution of the 1970s, and by the 1980s companies like Digital Equipment Corporation, Wang Laboratories, Data General, and Prime Computer provided tens of thousands of jobs in the Boston metropolitan area. Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis touted this “Massachusetts Miracle” during his 1988 presidential campaign.

But the Route 128 corridor struggled in the 1990s. Those minicomputer giants mostly failed to adapt to the PC and Internet revolutions, and the region wasn’t able to nurture a new crop of technology giants to take their place. Boston is still an important technology center, of course, but today it lags far behind Silicon Valley.

Why did Boston fail to keep up with Silicon Valley? In an influential 1994 book, political scientist AnnaLee Saxenian argued that Silicon Valley had a uniquely free-wheeling engineering culture, with employees job-hopping from one company to another, taking their technical skills with them. This culture allows Silicon Valley companies to adapt quickly to technological change. It also makes it common for people to leave secure employment at an established technology company to start a new firm—often one that competed with the old employer.

A few years later, legal scholar Ronald Gilson pointed out one of the major factors driving this culture: California courts consistently refuse to enforce noncompete agreements. In most states, including Massachusetts, high-tech employers can, and frequently do, ask employees to sign agreements limiting their ability to move to a competitor or start a competing company. But such agreements can’t be enforced in Silicon Valley.

Of course, any particular company would prefer to have the ability to lock their own employees in with these kinds of restrictions. But it’s also easy to see why nixing these kinds of agreements would be beneficial for a region like Silicon Valley.

“Employee mobility spreads knowledge of new technology around,” says James Bessen, an economist at Boston University. “More people can learn and adopt the technology.” Employee mobility also gives workers a greater incentive to improve their skills, Bessen told Ars, because employers that don’t pay competitive rates for an employee’s skills will lose them to someone who does.

Often individual employees at large technology companies have good product ideas, but struggle to convince their company bureaucracies to implement them effectively. In California, such an employee has the option to take a job at another company—or start a new one—to pursue the idea. In a state that strictly enforces noncompete agreements, in contrast, job-switching might not be a practical option, causing the idea to wither on the vine.

This could explain why Silicon Valley has been able to jump from one wave of innovation to the next. Silicon Valley began as a center for computer chipmaking—hence the name—but over time it became the home of leading technology companies working on personal computer hardware and software, Internet services, mobile devices and apps, and so forth. Disruptive innovations have caused the death of many individual Silicon Valley companies, but the region as a whole has thrived, as talented employees at declining companies could easily switch to up-and-coming firms.

“Allowing workers to move to jobs that better suit their preferences and talents is important both for them and the broader economy,” says Ryan Nunn, an economist at the Brookings Institute.

The idea that California’s worker-friendly laws contributed to Silicon Valley’s dynamism makes some intuitive sense, but it’s a difficult theory to test empirically. Any number of factors could have contributed to Silicon Valley’s success and Boston’s relative decline as a high-tech center. Meanwhile, states with stricter noncompete enforcement, including Washington state, have nurtured thriving high-tech economies of their own in recent decades.

Still, state policymakers have to wonder whether noncompete laws could be holding back innovation in their states. In 2015, Hawaii passed legislation adopting a California-like approach to noncompetes—but only for technology companies. Hawaii not only bans enforcement of noncompetes by software firms, it also voided non-solicit clauses preventing technology workers from recruiting former colleagues to work at their new employer.

The Massachusetts legislature rejected broader reforms

Legislators in Massachusetts have been considering proposals to reform noncompete law for almost a decade. In early 2009, around the same time Rep. Ehrlich introduced her original reform bill, another Massachusetts legislator, then-Rep. Will Brownsberger (now a state senator) introduced legislation for a California-style ban on noncompete agreements. Ehrlich tells Ars that she and Sen. Brownsberger became interested in the issue independently but quickly started to work together.

The proposals attracted ferocious opposition from established business interests in Massachusetts. Multiple sources told us that EMC—a Boston-area IT giant that became a subsidiary of Dell in 2015—was a major force opposing early reform proposals. Established industry groups, including the Associated Industries of Massachusetts, argued that noncompete enforcement was essential for Massachusetts businesses.

via Ars Technica https://arstechnica.com

August 21, 2018 at 09:33AM

Star Wars’ Kelly Marie Tran Speaks Out About Online Abuse

https://www.gamespot.com/articles/star-wars-kelly-marie-tran-speaks-out-about-online/1100-6461298/

Back in June, Star Wars: The Last Jedi actress Kelly Marie Tran closed her Instagram account following the online abuse she had suffered since the movie’s release. While many of her colleagues and celebrity fans were quick to condemn her treatment, Tran herself remained silent on the matter. Now she has written an article for the New York Times about her experiences.

The piece is titled "I Won’t Be Marginalized by Online Harassment," and it starts with Tran explaining that the racist vitriol aimed at her reinforced views and opinions she had heard much of her life. "Their words seemed to confirm what growing up as a woman and a person of color already taught me: that I belonged in margins and spaces, valid only as a minor character in their lives and stories," she said.

Tran, who played Rose Tico in The Last Jedi, went on to state that the abuse had "awakened something deep inside me," reminding her of experiences in her past. She revealed that she stopped speaking Vietnamese entirely when she was 9 because "I was tired of hearing other kids mock me," and also wrote about the time she was mistaken for a foreign exchange student while out with her white boyfriend.

Later in the article, Tran stated that ultimately she realized that the shame she felt was not for who she was, but was "a shame for how that world treats anyone who is different."

"I am not the first person to have grown up this way," she wrote. "This is what it is to grow up as a person of color in a white-dominated world. This is what it is to be a woman in a society that has taught its daughters that we are worthy of love only if we are deemed attractive by its sons. This is the world I grew up in, but not the world I want to leave behind.

"I want to live in a world where children of color don’t spend their entire adolescence wishing to be white. I want to live in a world where women are not subjected to scrutiny for their appearance, or their actions, or their general existence. I want to live in a world where people of all races, religions, socioeconomic classes, sexual orientations, gender identities and abilities are seen as what they have always been: human beings."

Tran finished the article by admitting that "the opportunity given to me is rare," and reasserts that her position as a prominent Asian-American actor in a huge Hollywood franchise would ensure that "I am not giving up."

"I am the first woman of color to have a leading role in a Star Wars movie," she said. "I am the first Asian woman to appear on the cover of Vanity Fair. My real name is Loan. And I am just getting started."

Tran isn’t the only female star who has been forced to quit social media as a result of targeted abuse in the last few months. Stranger Things‘ Millie Bobbie Brown left Twitter in June, and this month The Meg‘s Ruby Rose left the platform following the announcement that she will play Batwoman. "I wish we would all support each other and our journeys," she wrote before deleting her Twitter account.

Tran will return for Star Wars: Episode IX, which is currently shooting in the UK. It will be directed by JJ Abrams, who also helmed 2015’s The Force Awakens, and is set for release in December 2019. Earlier this month, the first image was released from the set.

via GameSpot’s PC Reviews https://ift.tt/2mVXxXH

August 21, 2018 at 12:56PM

GOG.com Says FCK DRM

https://www.bluesnews.com/s/192820/gog-com-says-fck-drm


GOG.com announces their

FCK DRM

initiative (I’d
like to buy a vowel, Pat) expressing their opinion on digital rights management.
They explain they are seeking to spread their gospel on the topic:

DRM-free
approach in games has been at the heart of GOG.COM from day one. We strongly
believe that if you buy a game, it should be yours, and you can play it the way
it’s convenient for you, and not how others want you to use it.



The landscape has changed since 2008, and today many people don’t realize what
DRM even means. And still the DRM issue in games remains – you’re never sure
when and why you can be blocked from accessing them. And it’s not only games
that are affected, but your favourite books, music, movies and apps as well.



To help understand what DRM means, how it influences your games and other
digital media, and what benefits come with DRM-free approach, we’re launching
the FCK DRM initiative. The goal is to educate people and ignite a discussion
about DRM. To learn more visit https://fckdrm.com,
and share your opinions and stories about DRM and how it affects you.

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August 21, 2018 at 09:59AM