The 30 Best 3DS Games of All-Time

3ds

With the release of the Nintendo Switch, it looks as though the 3DS is heading into its sunset years. There are a few releases to look forward to as of this writing (another Fire Emblem, a Pikmin game), but Nintendo is probably going to put its focus behind its console/portable hybrid over a six-year-old system. But that doesn’t change the fact that there has never been a better time to be a 3DS owner, thanks to the huge library of fantastic games. But which titles stand out above the rest? 

We put that question to readers, and over half a million votes later, we have a super-official ranking of the best 3DS games ever. If you’re angry with the ignorant masses for leaving out your favorite RPG or platformer, make sure to tell everyone how wrong they are down in the comments. Just don’t hurt us. 

*Editor’s Choice*  Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney – Spirit of Justice

ace attorney

This one barely missed the list, but I’m abusing my power to give it an honorable mention before we get started proper. If you haven’t played the Ace Attorney games, well, you might be better off with the Ace Attorney Trilogy compilation. But if you’re familiar with Phoenix Wright’s quirky brand of anime adventure game, Spirit of Justice is a great follow-up that shakes up the series in some compelling ways. Most of the game takes place in a foreign country that has its own unique court system — one that isn’t exactly friendly to defense lawyers like Phoenix. The stakes are almost immediately raised beyond anything seen in the franchise so far, and the trademark plot twists remain as ridiculous as always. This one’s only on the eshop, so you’ll have to download it if you’d like to hear that killer accusation music one more time.

30. Kirby: Planet Robobot

planet robobot

There’s Mario, there’s Zelda, and then there’s Kirby. You might call the little pink blob a second or third stringer, but his track record is commendable for its consistency. Planet Robobot falls in line with the rest of the series in that it’s a delightful platformer with vibrant visuals and breezy gameplay. Like most Kirby games, Robobot is a bit on the easy side, but this series has never tried for Dark Soulsian difficulty. This is definitely one of those games you pull out if you want to have a nice, relaxing time with one of gaming’s most charming protagonists. The giant badass mechs don’t hurt, either.

29. Pokemon Super Mystery Dungeon

pokemon

Don’t let the Pokemon name fool you — this one’s a bit more hardcore than a mainline game, and definitely a bigger challenge than something like Kirby. The Mystery Dungeon games have always been grindy roguelikes, and if you don’t know what that means, this game might not be for you. And that’s okay! Not everyone is into tough, repetitive RPGs that take a while to get going. Those who stick with it, however, might find the game a bit more rewarding compared to some of the cakewalk Pokemon campaigns you see in games like X/Y.

28. Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance

kingdom hearts

In both quality and ludicrous titling, Dream Drop Distance sits around the upper-middle of the Kingdom Hearts echelon. Though it doesn’t quite reach the heights of KHII, it’s still sort of miraculous that a portable game can hang with the best entries in such a storied franchise. You can always check out the remastered console version of DDD in the recent Kingdom Hearts 2.8, but it’s tough to beat the utility of portability. 

27. The Legend of Zelda: Triforce Heroes

triforce heroes

There are plenty of other Zelda games on this list (believe me), but only one of them puts the focus squarely on fun with friends. Like Four Swords Adventures before it, Triforce Heroes allows players to control multiple links that join forces to fight, solve puzzles and most importantly throw each other off cliffs. Costuming also plays a big part, with outfits ranging from "samurai" to "a cactus." You can even dress up in Zelda’s dress, which is kind of almost as good as actually playing as Zelda in a danged Zelda game. 

26. Donkey Kong Country Returns 3D

donkey kong

Yes, DCKR 3D is a port of a Wii game, but it’s a port of an excellent Wii game. All the fantastic visuals and tight level design made the jump to the 3DS, meaning you can fit one of the best platformers of the last decade in your pocket. The resolution is obviously bumped down for the portable screen, but you could argue that DKCR 3D has one major leg up over the Wii version: a complete lack of motion control. See, unless you mess around with mods and own a Classic Controller, the Wii version makes you shake the controller for simple moves like ground pounding and the roll — the latter of which is absolutely vital for precision play. On 3DS however, you can just press a button to do the exact same thing. Isn’t technology great?

25. Monster Hunter Generations

monster hunter

When people still bought music, the concept of a "Greatest Hits" album was a great way to introduce someone to a singer or a group. And while Monster Hunter Generations takes a bunch of monsters, towns and other content from older games, it seems more directed at hardcore franchise fans than for newbies. Don’t get me wrong, it’s a really neat game with some super helpful quality-of-life improvements that MonHun has needed forever, but this is something you want to move onto after your introduction to the series (which should be with #20 on this list). 

24. Kirby Triple Deluxe

kirby

Ahh, Kirby. Even though he’s already been on this list, it just feels right to slip back into those comfy pink shoes. Triple Deluxe is arguably even more traditional than Planet Robobot, but this isn’t a wacky offshoot in the series like Dream Course or Air Ride or even Epic Yarn. This is a game you can depend on for an enjoyable, stress-free experience that’s pleasant top-to-bottom. If you want a real test of your skills, you can go with Donkey Kong, but if you just want to chill out, you can always count on Kirby.

23. Mario and Luigi: Dream Team

monster hunter

Now that the Paper Mario series has gone in more of a puzzle/adventure direction, the Mario & Luigi series is the defacto RPG series starring Nintendo’s most famous mascots. Though Dream Team doesn’t quite reach the heights of the stellar Bowser’s Inside Story, Dream Team retains the same creativity and sharp dialogue fans of the series expect. If you’re still not sold, this game does include a giant kaiju battle between a Mega-Bowser and a Gigantic Luigi. So there’s that.

22. New Super Mario Bros. 2

mario

NSMB2 was where the "New" line of Mario platformers began to get a little stale, but you know, it’s still a Mario platformer. We’re talking about some of the best designers on the planet doing what they do best, and the result is one of the most solid games on the system. Though it definitely has more value for those into the idea of exploring every level and finding every secret. 

21.  Monster Hunter 4 Ultimate

monster hunter

Heard a lot about the Monster Hunter series but aren’t sure where to start? Try here. MH4U is by far the best entry to the franchise that has never quite caught on in the West, despite being a massive hit in Japan. The story — especially the opening chapter — does a commendable job at guiding players who might otherwise be confused or lost in other iterations. That being said, it’s best if you call in a friend who knows a bit more about the series to tag along anyway, since multiplayer hunts represent the game at its finest.

20. Hyrule Warriors Legends

hyrule warriors

The Dynasty Warriors games have always been about mindlessly mashing your way through hordes of enemies, and if we’re being honest, Hyrule Warriors isn’t much different. That isn’t a bad thing though! Sometimes you just want to feel powerful by wrecking everything in your path, and sometimes you want to do that as Link, Toon Zelda or a King that can also turn into a boat.  Just FYI, you’re going to get the best performance if you have a *NEW* Nintendo 2DS or *NEW* 3DS — it still plays on the regular models, but it can get pretty rough.

19. Super Mario Maker

super mario maker

Fans were pretty disappointed in Super Mario Maker 3DS losing the ability to upload custom-made levels, which seemed like the entire point of Mario Maker on Wii U. But the fact that it still made it to the top 20 of this list speaks to the quality of the core product. It just feels good to create levels in Mario Maker — it’s one of those things that you never think you’d do yourself (you can always play endless amounts of levels from other people), but the way it’s presented is so easy and intuitive that even passing the 3DS back and forth between friends is a joy. 

18. Kid Icarus: Uprising

kid icarus

For years, Kid Icarus was the last substantial IP that Nintendo hadn’t touched since the NES days. Fans clamoring for a new follow-up were finally met with Uprising, a labor of love from Smash Bros. mastermind Masahiro Sakurai. Far from its odd platforming past, the new Kid Icarus switches between on-rails and third-person shooting. It can be a little cramped to play since it doesn’t offer dual-joystick support unless you have a Circle Pad Pro, which is an awkward and bulky attachment. Fans would argue that the vibrant and engaging campaign is worth the cost of the extra dongle.

17. Luigi’s Mansion: Dark Moon

luigis mansion

Misunderstood at the time of its release at the launch of the GameCube, the original Luigi’s Mansion is a wonderful ghostbusting romp. Really its biggest shortcoming is the whole thing ended too soon. Dark Moon rectifies that with a lengthy, brand-new adventure that takes place across multiple mansions. Be sure not to overlook the multiplayer, which is a strange co-op roguelike unlike anything else on the system. 

16. Bravely Default

bravely default

If you’re looking for a traditional JRPG to play on 3DS, you can’t do much better than Bravely Default. That’s not to say BD plays it safe — on top of its familiar structure and Final Fantasy Artbook aesthetic, an innovative combat system allows heroes to make sacrifices for huge gains. Some fans are split on how the late game rolls out, but without spoiling anything, you can argue it’s a smart commentary on the genre on the whole (even if it’s kind of a drag to play sometimes). If you devour this, you can always move onto Bravely Second, which is exactly what it sounds like.

15. Animal Crossing: New Leaf

animal crossing

It’s hard to imagine a time when Nintendo handhelds didn’t have Animal Crossing. The company’s unique, laid-back lifestyle "simulator" is an essential game for anyone with a 3DS. Okay okay, there are a few reasons why you wouldn’t like New Leaf. You could a) not feel like revisiting an evolving and changing town that misses you when you’re gone; b) hate cute rhino neighbors that want nothing but to give you free furniture; or c) you’re a monster. These are the only options.

14. Xenoblade Chronicles 3D

xenoblade chronicles

Arriving late into the Wii’s life, the original Xenoblade Chronicles wowed fans with its gigantic open world. I should probably amend that — the game wowed fans that could find a copy. The 3DS port isn’t nearly as hard to come by, thankfully, so anyone can enjoy what might be Nintendo’s biggest RPG to date. This is one of the few titles to be outright exclusive to *NEW* 2DS and *NEW 3DS*, so keep that in mind if you’re buying for someone else. 

12 + 13. Fire Emblem Fates: Birthright & Fire Emblem Fates: Conquest

fire emblem

It might be a little bit confusing for those who are only familiar with the series through the many Smash Bros. characters, but Fire Emblem Fates: Birthright and Fire Emblem Fates: Conquest are two separate games. Almost. The two start out as the same strategy RPG, but after the first five chapters the player is given a choice of which side to choose, which family to support. The Birthright path is best for those new to the series or those who don’t want their ass handed to them. For the masochists out there, however, Conquest offers a challenge suited to FE diehards. I’m not telling you how to live, so I won’t tell you that you should probably just get both and then download the DLC that combines the two sides into a new campaign. That would be irresponsible of me.

(For those keeping score at home, Birthright came in at #13 in the polls, while Conquest edged it out at #12.)

11. Super Mario 3D Land

mario 3d land

You probably already know if you want to play an awesome Mario game. If you’re unsure, put your fingers on your wrist — should you feel a rhythmic bump coming from under your skin, you’re probably good to go. This one’s an interesting mix between the 3D open world of Super Mario 64 and the more traditional 2D sidescrolling games of yore. The levels almost play out like adorable little dioramas, and the effect really pops when you (gasp) use the 3D features of the 3DS. Chances are you’ll have a good time playing an awesome Mario game. If not, well, my condolences to your family.

10. Mario Kart 7

mario kart

On one hand, Mario Kart 7 is a fantastic game that took portable racing to heights it wouldn’t see until, well, Mario Kart 8 on Switch. On the other hand, every Mario Kart game takes offense at your very existence and will throw every banana peel and blue shell at you until you break your system in half, thereby freeing the malevolent spirits that rest inside every hateful cartridge. If you’re okay with that, MK7 is a great time.

9. Shovel Knight

shovel knight

Plenty of indie games do the whole "8-bit" thing, but none have committed so much to the conceit while being so successful. Shovel Knight feels like the Game of the Year of 1989, so much so that Capcom should have made five dozen sequels and then abandoned the franchise completely by now. It’s part Mega Man, part DuckTales, part Mario, part Castlevania and all rad. Be sure to keep your headphones in for this exceptional soundtrack, too. 

8. Pokemon Omega Ruby/Alpha Sapphire

pokemon

Pokemon often seems like it’s just remaking the same games over and over again, but that’s sort of what fans come back for — a new coat of paint on the childhood, with some tweaks here and there. This formula works so well that Nintendo and Game Freak have been remaking old Pokemon games. ORAS is the first set of remakes for the 3D era of the series, and it’s got all the bells and whistles you’d want. Though if we’re being honest, the only reason that you’d pick it over the other Pokemon titles on the system is if you’re super attached to the generation’s Pokedex. And hey, from what the internet tells me, there are plenty of Mudkip fans out there.

7. Pokemon X/Y

pokemon

The first real 3D Pokemon game brought a lot more than a new dimension to the series. X and Y introduced customizable characters, a new type (Fairy) and Mega Evolutions, the latter of which are basically Super Saiyan versions of existing Pokemon. Maybe most vital of all is the new EXP Share, which players get early on in the game; instead of doling out bonus XP to a single Pokemon not in battle, in this iteration all the Pokemon in your party get XP. This cuts way, way down on grinding and makes becoming a Pokemon Master much less of a chore. You can always turn the feature off, of course, if you’re finding the game too easy. Which, for Pokemon X and Y, is admittedly an issue.

6. Fire Emblem Awakening

fire emblem

I know I said that FE Fates: Birthright was the Fire Emblem to go with for beginners, but really you want to start here. Awakening was supposed to be the swan song for the franchise after sales had sagged for a while, and you can really see the developers put everything they had into this game. Story-wise, Awakening is by far one of the best RPGs on a handheld, and speaking in gameplay terms there are tons of options depending on how hardcore you want to be about stuff like permanent character death. Personally, I played with permadeath on, but found myself resetting every time a favorite was killed. I just can’t let my sweet innocent Donnel go. 

5. The Legend of Zelda: Majora’s Mask 3D

zelda

If you’ve been wondering where the hell all the Zelda games have been on this list then boy, get ready. Majora’s Mask has always been an odd duck compared the rest of the franchise, but open-minded fans have embraced its eccentricities. Nintendo certainly made it easier to love with the 3DS remake, adding more save points, an improved questlog, tweaked bosses, expanded areas and even a new sidequest. This is all on top of a graphical overhaul that looks like how you remember Majora’s Mask (quirky and charming) compared to how it actually looks (choppy and kind of ugly). 

4. The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time 3D

zelda

For many fans, this is the pinnacle of the Zelda series. Even after all these years, it’s hard to shake that memory of wandering out in the Hyrule Field for the first time. For a game that’s nearly 20 years old, it’s held up surprisingly well. The world might not be as big as you remember, but the dungeons are still fantastic and the soundtrack is an all-time classic. Like Majora’s Mask, Ocarina of Time 3D has seen several improvements on top of a graphical overhaul. OoT 3D even includes the Master Quest, a version of the game with tougher dungeons that was previously only available on an expensive out-of-production GameCube disc. If you’re a fan of the series, this is kind of a no-brainer.

3. The Legend of Zelda: A Link Between Worlds

zelda

Though both of the 3D Zelda remakes mentioned above are stellar games in their own right, you can always tell when a game was built for a system from the ground up. A Link Between Worlds somehow manages to be a very traditional sequel to Link to the Past on SNES while being the freshest Zelda in years (you know, besides Breath of the Wild). A lot of it has to do with the item rental system, which allows you to pay a small fee to take anything in the game out for a spin right from the get-go. This also means you can visit whatever dungeon you’d like to in any order — so if you’re stuck on a puzzle, you can always bail and go adventuring elsewhere while still progressing in the game. This is my personal favorite game on the system, but the votes say there are two games that are slightly better than ALBW. They’re pretty good, so I guess I can allow it. 

2. Super Smash Bros. 

smash bros

One of the most consistently impressive things about the 3DS is how it’s been able to successfully replicate console games and make them playable (and enjoyable!) on a small screen. When Nintendo announced that the next Super Smash Bros. would come to Wii U AND 3DS, fans were skeptical. But with what was presumably the darkest blood magic, they managed to cram in every single character in the game and make the series’ trademark chaos readable on a surface the size of a phone. Smash is best played in multiplayer, but there’s a nifty 3DS-only singleplayer mode if you alienate your friends by stomping them with Luigi.

1. Pokemon Sun/Moon

pokemon

This is it! The absolute best game on the 3DS. Pokemon Sun and Moon is a landmark entry in an RPG behemoth that has stuck around for two decades. Not only are the new Pokemon some of the best in several generations, Nintendo and Game Freak took it to another level with "Alola Pokemon." These particular Pokes have adapted to life on the game’s Hawaii-like islands, and so you’ll see familiar faces like Meowth and Raichu with entirely new looks and abilities. On top of extra features like up-close Pokemon petting and a new Battle Tree, this is the game that finally, mercifully kills HMs. Instead of wasting a move slot with garbage like CUT and SURF, Sun and Moon supply you with badass Pokemon mounts that do all of that stuff and more! S/M really makes it hard to go back to earlier games in the series — and hey, that’s okay, because you might not want to.

Need more 3DS recommendations?

Check out The 20 Best DS Games of All-Time — all backwards compatible with 3DS and 2DS!

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Texas explicitly allows driverless car tests

Self-driving cars have been

roaming Texas streets

for a while. Believe it or not, though, there hasn’t been legislation that directly permits

autonomous vehicles

– there just wasn’t a law banning them. The situation is clearer after this week, though. State governor Greg Abbott has

signed

a bill that explicitly allows

driverless vehicles

as long as they meet certain (fairly logical) conditions.

All self-driving cars have to obey existing

traffic laws

and carry

insurance

. They also have to record video, and the manufacturer has to accept liability as long as the self-driving tech remains unmodified. These aren’t exactly radical departures (many

autonomous cars

already have cameras, for one thing), but they establish a baseline. Critics are worried they’re too lenient, however. There’s no clear requirement that a human operator should be inside, and groups like

AAA

want a higher minimum insurance coverage than you’d see with conventional cars.

Even so, the new law is important. While it’s not going to change minds at

Waymo

and other companies that were already inclined to test in Texas, it could encourage others to set up shop if they were previously skittish. And testing in Texas is particularly important – numerous tech giants have offices in the state (particularly in the Austin area), and its warm climate makes it a good testing ground for vehicles that might not be ready to handle snowy roads.

This article, by Jon Fingas, originally appeared on Engadget, your guide to this connected life.

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Elon Musk says Los Angeles is open to using his traffic tunnels

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Elon Musk says he’s having "promising conversations" with LA Mayor Eric Garcetti about using The Boring Company’s underground tunnel technology.

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Elon Musk says Los Angeles is open to using his traffic tunnels originally appeared on Autoblog on Mon, 19 Jun 2017 08:00:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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WD-40 | Car Hacks

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In this episode of Car Hacks we get our hands on a can of WD-40 spray lubricant and try out 4 of the 2,000 plus uses listed by the company.
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Continue reading WD-40 | Car Hacks

WD-40 | Car Hacks originally appeared on Autoblog on Mon, 19 Jun 2017 15:54:22 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Are flying cars about to become a real thing? Starburst Accelerator thinks they are

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This is Lillium Aviation’s proposed VTOL vehicle.

Lillium


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Could the time finally be right for the flying car to leave the drawing boards of futurists and take to our skies as a new form of transportation? According to Francois Chopard, Founder and CEO of investment firm Starburst Accelerator, the answer is yes. For decades, the idea of flying cars have been used as shorthand for “the future”; something perpetually a few years off in the distance, waiting for technology to catch up and make them possible. Chopard thinks that’s finally happening.

He is not alone. In addition to AeroMobil—which plans to sell winged vehicles to well-heeled enthusiasts—there are quite a few other companies working on developing new vehicles to solve our commutes by taking them into the third dimension (see for example Uber, which is planning a new service called Uber Elevate). There’s also Google co-founder Larry Page, who owns two different flying car startups: Zee.Aero and Kitty Hawk. Even Airbus is getting in on the action.

An Electric VTOL Orchestra?

Chopard and others think that taking to the skies will be a solution for increasing traffic density and ever-longer commutes in major cities. We spoke with him recently to see if he could counter our heavy skepticism. “When you look at prototypes that have been flying you can see the tech and performance is ready,” he explained, pointing to companies like Joby, Lilium, and Aurora. Unlike the AeroMobil Flying Car, which uses wings to generate lift and an internal combustion engine to provide propulsion, Chopard told us the real action is in electric vertical take-off and landing machines, which don’t require a runway or landing strip to operate.

The Joby S2.

Joby

“Los Angeles has maybe six or seven air fields, but more than 300 heliports. You need a good grid of places to take off and land to make the service efficient,” he told Ars. And electric power will beat burning av-gas, because it’s cheaper and doesn’t require the presence of fire-fighting equipment, unlike refueling a helicopter or general aviation airplane, he explained.

Despite reports that Zee.Aero’s vehicles sound like air raid sirens thanks to their electric motors, Chopard thinks the noise issue won’t be much of a factor either. “The target is to be as noisy as the environment. Right now, we’re just a couple of decibels away from that target,” he told us. “There are a couple of studies looking at whether just decibel levels are the right indicator to measure noise; low frequency or high frequency noise isn’t taken into account. These vehicles are less noisy than helicopters.”

It’s the policies, not the tech

As is the case with so many other emerging technologies—think genomics or self-driving cars—Chopard thinks the biggest unsolved issue is how to regulate flying cars. Certifying vehicles for flight shouldn’t be too troubling for regulators like the FAA. But most of these new startups are envisioning fully autonomous vehicles, in much the same way self-driving cars are the hot thing in the automotive sector.

That’s at least a decade away from being possible, he thinks. “Short term, regulators aren’t ready for that, a pilot will still be on board. In the next five or six years—and to build experience—there should still be a pilot, but after that automation should be much easier in the air because it’s a much less complicated environment,” Chopard said.

Still, even if the technology does prove mature—including those batteries, which we still think need to shed a little more weight to make all this truly feasible—we may well need to beef up air traffic control systems. The prospect of hundreds of extra flying vehicles flitting around our cities will require some careful management to maintain adequate separation, after all. But we have to admit, the prospect of a commute like Deckard’s in Blade Runner does sound pretty cool.

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There are more than 2 million electric vehicles on the road around the world

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BEIJING, CHINA – 2017/04/23: GoFun shared e-car parks at roadside. The car-sharing service is an emerging field to draw eyeballs and investment in China. (Photo by Zhang Peng/LightRocket via Getty Images)

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According to a recent report from the International Energy Agency (IEA), 2016 was a record year for electric vehicle (EV) sales. Over 750,000 EVs were sold worldwide last year, compared to 547,220 sold in 2015.

But the gains are overshadowed by the distance that electric cars still have to go—although more than 2 million EVs now travel the world’s roads, they only make up 0.2 percent of the total light-duty passenger vehicle share around the world. And the growth of the number of electric cars on the roads actually slowed in 2016 compared to 2015 (60 percent in 2016 versus 77 percent in 2015), leaving policy makers and sustainable growth advocates wondering how to continue to grow the global fleet to meet climate change mitigation goals.

Transportation makes up a significant portion of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions—14 percent globally according to a 2014 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report. In the US, cars and trucks account for nearly one-fifth of greenhouse gas emissions.

The transportation sector is a stubborn one to clean up, too. An example can be found in California, where even as carbon-reducing policies have brought GHG emissions from the energy sector down to 20 percent, transportation still currently makes up 40 percent of the state’s emissions, according to recent statement from the state’s Public Utilities commissioner.

Alternative-fuel vehicles are important to hitting emissions goals, but the IEA report says that currently, there is not enough momentum behind plug-in cars without strong policies incentivizing adoption, like tax credits and zero-emissions vehicles lanes. Electric vehicles (including both battery electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) “still have a long way to go before reaching deployment scales capable of making a significant dent in the development of global oil demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,” the IEA report states.

China is leading

The report (PDF) showed that China leapfrogged the US in 2016 to become the country with the most electric passenger vehicles. Although EVs only made up 1.5 percent of the country’s national fleet, more than 40 percent of the EVs sold in the world in 2016 were sold in China (twice as many as were sold in the US). The country also has 200 million electric two-wheelers, 3 million to 4 million low-speed electric vehicles, and more than 300,000 electric buses, none of which were counted in the IEA’s official EV numbers.

Scandinavian and northern European countries have the most EVs on the road when it comes to market share, however. “With a 29 percent market share, Norway has incontestably achieved the most successful deployment of electric cars in terms of market share, globally,” the IEA wrote. The Netherlands follows with 6.4 percent EV market share, and 3.4 of Sweden’s cars are electric.

EV adoption isn’t a given

All of those countries have policies to foster EV sales, and 2016 showed that if certain incentives are taken away, sales falter. Such a scenario played out in the Netherlands where tax incentives were gradually phased out for Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV), which dropped PHEV sales by 50 percent. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs), however, weren’t affected by the tax and sales grew by 47 percent.

In Denmark, too, the country started reinstating registration taxes after years of exemptions for EVs and ended some government procurement programs. As a result, the country saw a 68 percent drop in electric car sales in 2016. New Danish incentives will be added this year, however—the country will begin offering a purchase tax rebate on EVs based on battery capacity—which ought to produce an interesting data point to next year’s report.

So if EVs can’t compete with internal combustion engines on price, then what’s the good of offering government incentives to buy them? The IEA argues that, with enough support, the technology to build EVs will become economical for auto manufacturers to build and car buyers to buy without support. “A supportive policy environment enables market growth by making vehicles appealing for consumers, reducing risks for investors and encouraging manufacturers willing to develop EV business streams on a large scale to start implementing them,” the agency wrote. The most effective incentives, according to recent research, minimize the premium associated with purchasing an EV, and show the buyer a total cost of ownership lower than that of an internal combustion engine.

The IEA recommends that as electric vehicles reach cost parity with ICE vehicles, “governments will need to gradually revise their approach to electric car support, phasing out incentives in cases where BEVs and PHEVs actually rival ICE costs,” although health-related taxes could remain in place for ICEs. The agency wrote that it expects this to happen around 2030 “where fuel taxes are estimated to be high and vehicle attributes (namely power) more favorable to electrification than in other regions.”

Scale is key

Governments that want to meet a 2° scenario (as described by the Paris Agreement, where global temperature doesn’t rise more than 2°) want to induce a virtuous cycle where manufacturers can drop the price of EVs because enough EVs are being purchased. The primary contributor to the higher cost of EVs over internal combustion engines is the car’s battery.

The report cites Department of Energy (DOE) estimates on how scale affects battery price. A 100 kWh battery pack will experience a drop in production costs by 13 percent when production volumes increase from 25,000 units to 100,000 units. Manufacturers making more than 200,000 battery backs per year are expected to be able to produce them for $200/kWh or less. Increasing a battery pack size from 60kWh to 100kWh would also similarly reduce costs by 17 percent per kWh. (For context, a recent McKinsey & Company survey found that 100kWh battery packs are now being produced by most manufacturers for $227/kWh and need to fall to $100/kWh to compete with internal combustion engines.)

This is part of the economics that made Tesla so eager to build its Gigafactory in Nevada and start producing car batteries as well as stationary storage batteries. The company has claimed that it produces batteries for $190/kWh. Other companies like Daimler are following suit, too.

The IEA looked at the various targets recently announced by EV manufacturers (Telsa aims for 1 million cars on the road by 2020, Ford has promised 13 new EV models by 2020, etc) and found that the total stock of EVs could fall anywhere between 9 million and 20 million by 2020. But it’s unclear that this will be enough to get us where we need to be in terms of reducing global emissions. In order to meet a 2° scenario, the IEA says, battery production will have to significantly increase out to 2025, and “would require the construction of roughly ten battery manufacturing facilities with the production capacity of the Tesla Gigafactory.”

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Emergency drones rush life-saving help to simulated cardiac arrest cases

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An emergency medical drone coming to the rescue.


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Thanks to drones, condoms have rained down on villages in rural Africa. Remote islands have quickly received medical supplies, while researchers have winged biological specimens to distant pathology labs.

Now, a research group in Sweden is buzzing about yet another type of life-saving flight for the unmanned aerial vehicles—emergency medical flights.

Reenacting 18 real-life emergency calls of cardiac arrest to emergency medical services in Norrtälje, Sweden, researchers dispatched a drone carrying an automated external defibrillator (AED) from the local fire station. The drone reached the site of the emergency in around five minutes—about 16 minutes faster than emergency medical responders—researchers report Tuesday in JAMA.

In the event of cardiac arrest, a quick response is critical; saving 16 minutes could make the difference between life and death. Still, the researchers, led by Andreas Claesson of the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, are careful not to overstate the results.

“Saving 16 minutes is likely to be clinically important,” the authors write. “Nonetheless, further test flights, technological development, and evaluation of integration with dispatch centers and aviation administrators are needed.”

For the study, the researchers used an eight-rotor, 5.7kg drone with a maximum cruising speed of 75km per hour. It was developed and certified by the Swedish Transportation Agency. The drone was equipped with a 763g AED that bystanders at the scene could easily use to try to revive a person in cardiac arrest.

In a 72-hour period, the researchers dispatched the drone to the out-of-sight locations of 18 emergency cardiac arrest reports, which were called in to the local authorities between 2006 and 2014. They were all within a 10km radius of the fire station, with a median flight distance of 3.2km.

The median time from reenacted emergency call to drone launch was three seconds, while the median EMS dispatch time was three minutes. On average, the drone arrived in a little over five minutes (fastest time was 1:15 and longest was 11:51). The EMS, on the other hand, arrived in about 22 minutes (fastest time was five minutes and longest was 38).

The authors note some limitations of the study, such as having only good weather for the small number of flights. And while AEDs are designed to be easy to use, it’s unclear if bystanders would use them correctly and consistently, thus creating actual medical benefits to drone-dispatching. And of course, there’s also the issue of getting approval from agencies such as the Federal Aviation Authority.

JAMA, 2017. DOI: doi:10.1001/jama.2017.3957  (About DOIs).

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