Smart harness can help stroke victims learn to walk again

People recovering from spinal cord injuries and strokes often struggle under the weight of gravity. Recovering gait, or a regular walking rhythm, can be a real challenge. A group of scientists may have just made it a little easier, though: They discovered that a smart walking harness brought immediate and dramatic improvements to patients struggling with mobility.

The main problem lies with the way our brains our wired: Our bodies learn to walk a certain way. After a neurological disorder or an injury, the body needs to be taught to walk a different way. That rewiring, and the loss of muscle mass that results from being immobile after injury or a stroke, is very difficult. Often patients will never fully relearn how to walk naturally, and instead will keep trying to reproduce a motion that is no longer physically possible.

The team of scientists suspended a robotic harness from the ceiling that was equipped with smart programming. An algorithm constantly adjusted the support and force to the body’s trunk depending on what the patient needed. The results were stark: Every single patient (thirty in total) showed marked improvement. "Patients unable to walk without assistance (nonambulatory) were able to walk naturally with the harness, whereas ambulatory patients exhibited improved skilled locomotion such as balance, limb coordination, foot placement, and steering," says the article in Science Translational Medicine. You can see the process for yourself in the video below.

This could be huge for patients recovering from spinal cord injuries and neurological issues, such as strokes. Teaching yourself to learn how to walk all over again is no small thing, and it’s encouraging to see more and more attention being paid to how "smart" devices can assist in medical recovery.

Source: Science Translational Medicine, EurekAlert

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Elon Musk implies SpaceX won’t land Dragon capsules on Mars

In February, SpaceX admitted its plan to shoot its Dragon capsule (without people) to Mars by 2018 was a little too ambitious, and bumped up the launch date to 2020. But it seems that approach was too uncertain for NASA’s — and Elon Musk’s — strict safety standards for a Martian landing. Today, the SpaceX founder suggested that the "Red Dragon" project is done and the current capsule won’t be used for propulsive landings on the red planet. But don’t worry — the he’s got a better plan that the company’s cooking up for its next interplanetary hardware proposal.

SpaceX aspired to land its Dragon capsule on, well, land, using thrusters to descend instead of parachuting into water. On a rocky, sea-less planet like Mars, this was a crucial approach. At today’s International Space Station Research and Development Conference, Musk admitted that the Dragon won’t be used in this capacity: It would take far too much effort for the capsule to meet safety standards.

But Musk noted that the company has come up with a better plan for landing on Mars. It will fold it into SpaceX’s next generation of Mars landing systems, which should be announced soon. Until then, all we know is it will be "more affordable" and slightly smaller, according to Ars Technica.

Source: Ars Technica

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UK teens say Instagram is the worst app for cyberbullying

New research claims Instagram is home to more cyberbullies than any other social media platform. The findings form part of UK anti-bullying charity Ditch the Label’s annual survey, which consulted over 10,000 young people aged 12 to 20.

Out of the respondents who claim to have encountered cyberbullying, 42 percent said they had experienced it on Instagram. The amount dipped to 37 percent for Facebook, and was even lower for Snapchat at 31 percent. Despite 92 percent of participants saying they used YouTube, only 10 percent claimed to have suffered cyberbullying on the platform.

Although Instagram frequently targets spam and inappropriate hashtags, it’s been slow to introduce tools to combat harassment. However, most young people think the photo-sharing app and other social networks still aren’t doing enough to protect users online. A resounding 70 percent of respondents told Ditch the Label they don’t believe digital platforms are acting to prevent cyberbullying.

The survey also found a general disconnect between the way youngsters behave in real life and online. Almost half (47 percent) said they don’t discuss bad things in their lives on social media, and instead prefer to present an edited version of themselves.

"The concept of right and wrong seems to differ to the ethical standards upheld in our offline communities," said Liam Hackett, CEO of Ditch the Label. "With 44 percent of respondents believing that only things happening offline could be considered as real life."

Earlier this year, the UK Children’s Commissioner Anne Longfield urged the government to appoint an ombudsman to represent the rights of children to social media companies. The Digital Economy Act passed in June could also result in social media sites being subject to legislation on how to deal with online bullying. We reached out to Instagram for a comment but did not immediately receive a response.

Via: TechCrunch

Source: Ditch the Label

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N. Korean defectors show locations of mass graves using Google Earth


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Much of what happens in North Korea remains hidden from the outside world. But commercial satellite imagery and Google Earth mapping software are helping a human-rights organization take inventory of the worst offenses of the North Korean regime and identify sites for future investigation of crimes against humanity.

A new report from the South Korea-based Transitional Justice Working Group (TJWG)—a non-governmental organization that tracks human-rights abuses and crimes against humanity by the world’s most oppressive regimes—details how the organization’s researchers used Google Earth in interviews with defectors from North Korea to identify sites associated with mass killings by the North Korean regime. Google Earth imagery was used to help witnesses to killings and mass burials orient themselves and precisely point out the locations of those events.

Entitled “Mapping Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea: Mass Graves, Killing Sites and Documentary Evidence,” the report does not include the actual locations of what the researchers deemed to be sensitive sites out of concern that the North Korean regime would move evidence from those sites. But it does provide location data of other sites with potential documentary evidence of crimes, including police stations and other government facilities that may have records of atrocities.

The report is an early set of findings from the Mapping Project, an effort by TJWG to identify sites of abuses over the past two decades based on eyewitness testimony and satellite imagery. The project also wants to examine remote sensing technologies that could be used in the future to detect and analyze sites in North Korea containing human remains.

“Although it is beyond our current capabilities to investigate and analyze the sites due to lack of access,” the researchers noted, “this research is a crucial first step in the pursuit of accountability for human rights crimes. It is also designed to serve first responders [NGO workers, forensic scientists, journalists, and others] who may enter North Korea in the future.”

Efforts to bring charges against North Korea’s regime in the International Criminal Court have been held up by resistance in the United Nations from China and Russia. However, the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in North Korea (UN COI) continues to bring attention to abuses by the North Korean regime, and it has called for measures to be taken to end human rights abuses and hold those responsible for the abuse accountable. And the UN COI continues to gather evidence in a repository for use in a future process. TJWG believes the Mapping Project could significantly aid the push to hold the North Korean regime accountable while aiding “future efforts to institute a process of transitional justice following a change in the political conditions in North Korea.” In other words, the project could aid in prosecution after a regime change.

While the Mapping Project is still in its early stages, TJWG released the report to “attract wider participation from both informants and technical practitioners with expertise and knowledge that will advance the project,” the researchers said.

Listing image by US Department of Defense

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Dozens Convicted Of Human Trafficking In Landmark Thai Trial

Lieutenant General Manas Kongpan, a suspected human trafficker, is escorted by officers as he arrives at the criminal court in Bangkok, Thailand in 2015.

Athit Perawongmetha/Reuters


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Athit Perawongmetha/Reuters

Lieutenant General Manas Kongpan, a suspected human trafficker, is escorted by officers as he arrives at the criminal court in Bangkok, Thailand in 2015.

Athit Perawongmetha/Reuters

A Thai army general and local politicians are among the dozens of people found guilty at a Bangkok court Wednesday in one of Thailand’s largest-ever trials on human trafficking.

Thailand has come under international criticism for years over human trafficking in the country, and the rights group Fortify Rights called this trial an “unprecedented effort by Thai authorities to hold perpetrators of human trafficking accountable.”

“The conviction of a senior Army officer was an extremely rare event in junta-ruled Thailand,” according to Thai newspaper The Nation. Lt. Gen. Manas Kongpan was found guilty of trafficking and taking bribes, The Associated Press reported.

The case involved more than 100 defendants, and the judge spent all day reading a 500 page verdict to the court, The Nation reported. The full breakdown of convictions was not immediately available, and the sentences have not yet been announced.

“The trial began two years ago after the grisly discovery of dozens of shallow graves along the border — in what investigators say were jungle camps where traffickers held migrants hostage until their relatives paid to free them,” reporter Michael Sullivan in Thailand tells our Newscast unit. “Many of the dead were ethnic Rohingya, a long persecuted Muslim minority in neighboring Myanmar.”

Sullivan adds that police officers are also among the defendants.

“The court related testimony that not enough food and water was provided to the detained Rohingya, who faced death threats designed to prevent them from using their phones or fleeing the camp,” The Nation reported. “The court also said it had been told that victims were beaten up when they asked for more food and water.”

The identities of the dead have not been released, according to Reuters, and human rights campaigners say the trafficking networks are largely still in place.

Investigators and witnesses in this trial faced significant intimidation and threats, Fortify Rights said.

“This may be the end of an important and unprecedented trial, but it’s been a rocky road, and it’s not ‘case-closed’ for survivors of human trafficking here,” Amy Smith, the group’s executive director, said in a statement. “Thailand has a long way to go to ensure justice for thousands who were exploited, tortured, and killed by human traffickers during the last several years.”

The BBC added that “a senior policeman who led an investigation into human trafficking in Thailand, Major General Paween Pongsirin, fled to Australia fearing his life was in danger from influential figures implicated in trafficking in his country.”

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Quantum Computing Is Coming for Your Data

The news that disturbed my digital life came two years ago in a snail mail letter strewn with phrases like “malicious cyber intrusion” and “identity theft.” A relative’s company had been part of a massive hack, the note said, leaving my information exposed. Before the letter came, I was a cyber security neophyte: I didn’t use a VPN and encrypted websites were just for banking. I often shopped online, depositing my credit card number over coffee shop wifi.

Meredith Rutland Bauer is a freelance journalist focusing on science, the environment, and technology.

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Since then, I’ve gotten better. My Android is filled with WhatsApp and Signal—which use end-to-end encryption—and my finance apps encrypt my data with both hardware and software. With things outside of my control, like my now-compromised social security number, I reassure myself that big organizations use encryption to house sensitive data, so my social must be unreadable to hackers.

But it turns out that all this encryption might not matter. Internet users like me have long relied on encryption for security and peace of mind, but cryptography experts are becoming aware of its faults—namely, that encryption can only protect against the tools we have now, and better, smarter tools are on the horizon. Quantum computers, which are fundamentally different from traditional computers because they leverage quantum mechanics to do calculations, could easily decrypt the advanced encryption we use widely. So even if encrypted data is safe from today’s hackers, it’s potentially vulnerable to hackers of the future.

Experts are concerned that cybercriminals might exploit this vulnerability with a scheme called harvest and decrypt. It’s a long-game attack where hackers scrape encrypted data and hold it, sometimes for decades, while they wait for quantum computers to become widespread enough for them to buy one. As soon as they have access to the device, they’ll use it to decrypt the stored data, which could contain anything from social security numbers to health information to a slew of nuclear missile codes.

And sure, nuclear missile codes will likely have changed over time—but according to John Schanck, a Ph.D student at the University of Waterloo’s Institute for Quantum Computing, plenty of information still needs to be secure. He imagines a 20-year-old’s health data getting leaked — a childhood illness or a teenage abortion suddenly becomes a target for blackmail. Social security numbers are sensitive for a person’s entire lifetime. Names of CIA spies need to be kept secret, along with lots of classified military information.

Schanck even suspects that the NSA is using the technique. When Edward Snowden leaked secret information in 2013, it came to light that the NSA’s protocols allowed for storing encrypted communication because “they can’t judge at the time of interception if it’s going to be useful for law enforcement,” Schanck says.

Quantum computers have been on cryptographers’ radars as a security threat for years. In trials, they can already shred through public key cryptography, a system that exchanges passwords between a sender and receiver to decrypt. RSA and elliptic curve cryptography—algorithms that are widely used for all types of data encryption online, including making that “s” in “https” possible—have been broken in tests using Shor’s algorithm. That algorithm is run on a quantum computer, says Mike Brown, CTO of ISARA, a Canada-based post-quantum cryptography company.

Luckily, the quantum computers that can accomplish these feats sell for millions of dollars, keeping them mostly in the hands of large companies, research labs, and government offices.
You can’t exactly buy a quantum computer at Best Buy. The only way to even get access to one, outside of a major tech company or research lab, is to buy time on IBM’s quantum computing cloud-based services or buy a quantum annealer from D-Wave to the tune of about $15 million.

But that doesn’t mean quantum computers won’t ever be a household item. “It is possible it takes another 20 or 30 years from today for someone to have a quantum computer and be able to decrypt messages in real time,” Schanck says. And getting your hands on encrypted data isn’t nearly as hard. Anyone with a wifi connection and some technical knowledge about the process can do it, as long as they’re able to be proximate to their target. It’s not just nation states who could get their hands on encrypted data: Someone could copy your data over the Starbucks wifi network.

Quantum computers will open a whole new world of scientific advancement. But the “dark side” of that tool is quantum computers’ ability to take an impossible problem and make it “trivial,” Brown says. Defending against quantum computers will require techniques that don’t exist yet. Securing data will require quantum algorithms, or a system of public and private keys that erase themselves over time. This means that hackers would scrape data that would become useless in the future—because the keys necessary to access that information would have already self-destructed.

Still, some experts believe that multi-decade encryption is overkill. While information is being stored, waiting to be decrypted, the information contained within it will become obsolete. “There are actually very few long-term secrets in our society,” says computer security expert and cryptographer Bruce Schneier. “We don’t have 30-year secrets. There are no military secrets from the 1970s that are secret today.” Others suggest that quantum computers are a far-off dream. No one is sure when they will become common fixtures in homes and businesses, let alone tools for blackhat hackers—so why panic? Especially considering the patience required for a perpetrator to pull off a decades-long con.

Maybe that’s comforting to some. While my social security number is probably being bought and sold somewhere on the dark web, I’m crossing my fingers that my encrypted hospital records and ID cards aren’t also being scraped.

I don’t know want to find out how my data could be leveraged against me in the age of the quantum internet—but something tells me that the culprits will have their eyes on a self-driving spacecraft, rather than a fancy car. For all I know, those hackers are probably infants right now, swiping mashed peas on their first iPhones.

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New ‘Dungeons & Dragons’ site manages the rules so you can just play

Dungeons & Dragons, the quintessential pen-and-paper game, is more popular than ever, thanks to Twitch channels like Geek and Sundry and podcasts like The Adventure Zone. But it’s one thing to listen or watch a presentation crafted by seasoned gamers and another to actually run your own adventure. Players may get frustrated by the hundreds of pages of rules and quit before they’ve even had their first goblin encounter. Wizards of the Coast and social gaming firm Curse aim to fix this with the launch of D&D Beyond, a website and app intended to take care of all the fine print and number crunching, leaving dungeon masters and players free to focus on crafting a good story.

While Curse specializes in video game add-ons and communities, D&D Beyond is a different kind of project — a digital companion for a tabletop game. At launch it will mostly consist of a compendium of the rules and world information from D&D‘s fifth edition, broken down into sections like "spells" and "monsters" that can be either browsed in a list or searched, with plenty of filters to narrow down the exact information required.

The current Player’s Handbook and Dungeon Master’s Guide may give you all the information you need to play an adventure, but anyone who’s ever used the books can attest to how hard it is to find anything in them. Many players end up turning to outside wikis and forums to get the information they want instead. Wizards of the Coast has tried over the years to provide some limited online help: Dungeons & Dragons has had digital content since its second edition, and the tools provided for the fourth edition did rather well with players. One thing all of these sites had in common is that they’ve always been meant as a supplement to the game — you still needed to buy the books to play.

The eventual goal is for D&D Beyond to completely replace the physical books. That doesn’t mean paper devotees are out of luck — the guides will stay in print as long as there’s demand. But players who prefer to keep everything on their computer or phone will have an official way to do that. While seasoned players will appreciate things like easier-to-access game minutia, it’s newbie adventurers who will benefit the most.

For example, character creation has been boiled down to a step-by-step process on the Beyond site that walks you through choosing a race, class and so forth. I used the builder to make an elven ranger and was impressed with how easy it is: After each selection it’ll give you drop-downs for things like expertises and languages, with the weapons and armor you can use clearly marked. When I copied my gnome bard from the game I currently play with friends, it actually showed me a few skill roll bonuses I had missed when I leveled up my character by hand.

The sheer complexity of Dungeons & Dragons is what’s made it so hard to build effective digital tools for it, but Project Lead Adam Bradford notes that it’s not the depth that makes it so hard to digitize but the breadth. The game is an open world, ultimately only limited by the imagination of its players. The rules are written as a guide, not a rigid framework for adventurers to operate in. To support freedom of ideas the site allows plenty of manual input, ranging from things as mundane as dice rolls to full-blown homebrew content that can be uploaded to the site’s database. There’s an entire section dedicated to sharing user-generated content where gamers can upvote the best submissions and add anything they find to their "collection."

Even with so much of the game experience being moved online, Curse still envisions people sitting around a table to play Dungeons & Dragons, just with their laptops in front of them. Even if the entire game is run through Beyond, with future iterations of the site keeping track of combat turns, attacks and statuses, players will still need to talk to one another to describe what’s happening.

The company also sees the site as a way to make the game more accessible when you’re not playing. When you’re at work or in class you can look at your character, browse for new spells and read backstory anytime you want. By making those little things more accessible during downtime, the actual play sessions can be focused on story, socialization and performance.

The idea of Dungeons & Dragons as performance hasn’t always been a prominent part of the brand. Sure, you’re trying to amuse yourself and your friends, but no one was really playing for an audience outside gaming conventions. Now you can watch seasoned players run through campaigns like the Penny Arcade’s Acquisitions Inc. video series. Curse wants to help that phenomenon grow, especially after its sale to Twitch last year.

You need a Twitch account to sign up for D&D Beyond, because the company has big plans down the line for integrating D&D campaigns into the streaming site. The idea is that when you set up a stream it’ll be connected to the Beyond page for that particular campaign, displaying relevant infographics on the screen to give viewers a better idea of what’s going on. This will include interactive elements — each player will have her character name displayed, which can be moused over to look at that character sheet — and animations for things like spells or statuses. Games will look a lot more professional, and with most of the rules crunching going on behind the curtain, they will be a lot more entertaining to watch, with an increased emphasis on performance.

Features like interactive Twitch streams and the ability to run games completely through the site are big tasks, but Bradford says Curse is in it for the long haul. The first step is to get dungeon master tools up and running later this year, like combat and initiative tracking. There’s been a lot of demand for encounter building — that is, designing battles against monsters and other foes. Encounters form the core of Dungeons & Dragons gameplay, with a typical session usually structured around one or two big battles. Wizards of the Coast sells predesigned adventures, but some players prefer something more customized to their group, especially if they have the type of friends who tend to step outside the box.

Beyond will let dungeon masters tweak existing monsters and build entirely new ones: As an example Bradford mentioned a Challenge Rating 12 Mind Flayer that had been separated from its colony. It would be weaker, but how would a player modify its stats? Beyond can eliminate the guesswork, even taking into account small things like how carrying certain magical items might affect the creature.

Unfortunately, these tools won’t be ready when Beyond comes out in August. Everything introduced in the current beta is what players should expect at launch. That’s the compendium, character builder and spell book, which will be available free of charge to registered users. Nothing needed to play will be locked away behind a paywall. Instead, the premium tiers will have features that make the site more useful, like the ability to store unlimited characters or use homebrew content. The site will also offer a lot of onetime purchases, like guides and special character classes. Dungeon masters who opt into the most expensive Master Tier will be able to share this content with their players with a click. It certainly beats having to carry around a backpack full of source books to every session.

Of course, some people like carrying around heavy bags of books and arguing about attack bonuses. Nothing has to change for them. But for players who really care about collaborative storytelling and love performing, D&D Beyond could be the push they need to give tabletop role-playing a try. It makes Dungeons & Dragons less about the math and more about being someone else for a little while.

Lede image: Vincent Proce / Wizards of the Coast

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